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Lena O. Smith
Lena Olive Smith (August 13, 1885 − 1966) was a lawyer and civil rights advocate in Minneapolis during the early to mid-20th century. She was the first female African American lawyer in Minnesota, helped establish a local chapter of the National Urban League in Minneapolis, and was an active member and the first female president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's Minneapolis chapter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/lena-o-smith-first-minnesota )〕
==Early life==
Smith was born on August 13, 1885 in Lawrence, Kansas to John H. and Geneva D. Smith. In 1905 Smith moved with her father to Buxton, Iowa and worked at the company store of the coal mine located there. In 1906 her father died of heart failure. Smith reunited with her mother and four younger siblings and moved to Minneapolis.
Smith worked a variety of jobs to help support her family including as a hairdresser and real estate agent.〔 As a real estate agent she was exposed to housing discrimination against African Americans and the use of restrictive housing covenants. In 1916 she enrolled in the Northwestern College of Law (one of the forerunners of the William Mitchell College of Law). While taking classes she became active with the local chapter of the NAACP and filed suits against discriminatory businesses, helped investigate a lynching incident in Duluth, Minnesota and ensured adequate legal representation for African Americans standing trial.〔 She graduated from law school in 1921 and was admitted to the bar in June of that year. Smith was the first female African American lawyer in Minnesota and likely one of only several in the entire country.〔〔
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